We investigated how cod liver oil affects coronary artery disease in pigs on a high-fat diet over eight months. By comparing 7 pigs that received cod liver oil to 11 control pigs, we observed significantly less disease in the oil-fed group. Notably, lesion size and arterial narrowing were reduced, suggesting that cod liver oil may influence heart health. Both groups had high lipid levels, but the differences in atherosclerosis weren't linked to these levels. This study hints at the oil's potential to slow coronary disease progression via changes in metabolism.
Read More
9
Cod liver oil aids heart health
Cod liver oil supplementation improves cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
We delved into how cod liver oil (CLO) influences heart health, especially in the context of diabetes. Using a study with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, we treated them with CLO and monitored various cardiovascular metrics over 12 weeks. What we found was quite telling: untreated diabetic rats faced significant increases in blood sugar and harmful lipid levels, while those receiving CLO showed improved weight gain and complete prevention of lipid problems.
Moreover, the study revealed that CLO-treated rats exhibited healthier blood vessel responses and heart function. For instance, we observed that CLO effectively corrected some vasoconstriction issues and improved heart rhythm responses that were otherwise diminished in diabetic rats. The treatment also helped preserve the structural integrity of heart tissue, which often suffers in diabetes.
Overall, this research strongly suggests that cod liver oil can be a valuable supplement for mitigating heart disease risks associated with diabetes. With its rich omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, CLO appears to play a protective role in maintaining cardiovascular health in diabetic settings.
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9
Cod liver oil may stabilize heart
[Correction of disorders of cardiac electric stability in post-infarction cardiosclerosis using a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids].
We examined the effects of cod liver oil, enriched with essential fatty acids, on heart stability after inducing myocardial infarction in rats. Over 30 days, we found that the oil significantly raised the heart's fibrillation threshold by 50% and halved the occurrence of spontaneous extrasystoles. While there were improvements in the heart's functionality during rest, overall heart pressures and contraction speeds showed no significant changes. This suggests that cod liver oil may contribute positively to heart stability, but it doesn't dramatically alter all heart functions.
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Most Useful Reviews
9
Cholesterol levels improved
6 people found this helpful
I find these soft gel tablets easy to swallow with no fish taste. This product has helped regulate my cholesterol levels, supports heart health, and alleviates palpitations. My inflammation has improved, and it has thickened my hair as well. I take 2-3 capsules after breakfast daily.
Read More
9
Harmful cholesterol reduction
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this product is high, and the ingredients are excellent. At 42, I've found the omega beneficial for my body and useful for reducing harmful cholesterol. I've noticed improvements in hair health, and it’s good for inflammation and heart health. The taste is acceptable.
Read More
9
Excellent health benefits
2 people found this helpful
This omega is my daughter’s favourite, and it’s clearly beneficial. The quality is excellent, and it helps reduce cholesterol, fight inflammation, and supports heart and hair health. Suitable for children aged two and above, and the packaging is convenient.
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in cod liver oil, on heart health after a heart attack. Using lab tests on heart cells and mouse models, we found that DHA helped protect heart cells from damage due to low oxygen levels.
Remarkably, DHA not only reduced heart damage but also improved heart function overall. It seemed to support a process called autophagy, which helps clear out damaged cells, thereby benefiting heart health after injury.
However, it's important to note that while DHA shows promising results, more research is needed to fully understand its role.
Read More
9
Cod liver oil aids heart health
Cod liver oil supplementation improves cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
We delved into how cod liver oil (CLO) influences heart health, especially in the context of diabetes. Using a study with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, we treated them with CLO and monitored various cardiovascular metrics over 12 weeks. What we found was quite telling: untreated diabetic rats faced significant increases in blood sugar and harmful lipid levels, while those receiving CLO showed improved weight gain and complete prevention of lipid problems.
Moreover, the study revealed that CLO-treated rats exhibited healthier blood vessel responses and heart function. For instance, we observed that CLO effectively corrected some vasoconstriction issues and improved heart rhythm responses that were otherwise diminished in diabetic rats. The treatment also helped preserve the structural integrity of heart tissue, which often suffers in diabetes.
Overall, this research strongly suggests that cod liver oil can be a valuable supplement for mitigating heart disease risks associated with diabetes. With its rich omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, CLO appears to play a protective role in maintaining cardiovascular health in diabetic settings.
Read More
9
Cod liver oil may stabilize heart
[Correction of disorders of cardiac electric stability in post-infarction cardiosclerosis using a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids].
We examined the effects of cod liver oil, enriched with essential fatty acids, on heart stability after inducing myocardial infarction in rats. Over 30 days, we found that the oil significantly raised the heart's fibrillation threshold by 50% and halved the occurrence of spontaneous extrasystoles. While there were improvements in the heart's functionality during rest, overall heart pressures and contraction speeds showed no significant changes. This suggests that cod liver oil may contribute positively to heart stability, but it doesn't dramatically alter all heart functions.
Read More
9
Cod liver oil's potential heart benefits
Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on coronary heart disease.
We explored the relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly from cod liver oil, and coronary heart disease (CHD). The research found that cod liver oil significantly reduced harmful arachidonic acid levels in heart cells, promoting a healthier balance with beneficial docosahexaenoic acid. This balance may lower risks of heart issues, including sudden cardiac death. However, while diets rich in fish oil show promise, the study does not claim that cod liver oil is a guaranteed solution to heart disease.
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9
Cod liver oil slows coronary disease
Inhibition of atherosclerosis by cod-liver oil in a hyperlipidemic swine model.
We investigated how cod liver oil affects coronary artery disease in pigs on a high-fat diet over eight months. By comparing 7 pigs that received cod liver oil to 11 control pigs, we observed significantly less disease in the oil-fed group. Notably, lesion size and arterial narrowing were reduced, suggesting that cod liver oil may influence heart health. Both groups had high lipid levels, but the differences in atherosclerosis weren't linked to these levels. This study hints at the oil's potential to slow coronary disease progression via changes in metabolism.
I find these soft gel tablets easy to swallow with no fish taste. This product has helped regulate my cholesterol levels, supports heart health, and alleviates palpitations. My inflammation has improved, and it has thickened my hair as well. I take 2-3 capsules after breakfast daily.
Read More
9
Harmful cholesterol reduction
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this product is high, and the ingredients are excellent. At 42, I've found the omega beneficial for my body and useful for reducing harmful cholesterol. I've noticed improvements in hair health, and it’s good for inflammation and heart health. The taste is acceptable.
Read More
9
Excellent health benefits
2 people found this helpful
This omega is my daughter’s favourite, and it’s clearly beneficial. The quality is excellent, and it helps reduce cholesterol, fight inflammation, and supports heart and hair health. Suitable for children aged two and above, and the packaging is convenient.
Read More
9
Supports cholesterol level
1 people found this helpful
I bought this cod liver oil for my mother, who has cholesterol issues. After three months of use and improved diet and exercise, her levels returned to normal. It reduces inflammation and heart disease. The taste is acceptable, and the quality is excellent.
Read More
9
Supports heart health
1 people found this helpful
Heart health, brain health, and immune support are all benefits of this supplement. The lemon flavour is pleasant, and it contains 750 mg of Omega-3. It's Non-GMO, purity-tested, and doesn't leave any unpleasant fishy taste.
Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.
Cod liver oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the liver of codfish, primarily the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). This oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA and DHA, which are essential for heart and brain health. Additionally, cod liver oil is an excellent source of vitamins A and D, which play critical roles in immune function, vision, and bone health. Often available in liquid form or as softgel capsules, it has been used for centuries as a natural remedy to support overall wellness.
In recent years, cod liver oil has gained popularity as a supplement among health enthusiasts seeking to boost their intake of these vital nutrients. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before adding cod liver oil to your daily regimen, especially for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications. While it can offer considerable health benefits, potential vitamin toxicity and fish allergies are factors to consider. As always, sourcing high-quality cod liver oil from reputable brands ensures you are receiving a product that's free from harmful contaminants and delivers the intended health benefits.
Cod liver oil, known for its rich content of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins A and D, has garnered attention for its potential benefits in heart health. Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) found in cod liver oil can help reduce triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and decrease inflammation, all of which are factors associated with heart disease. Some studies indicate that regular consumption may be linked to a lower risk of heart disease, thanks to its ability to positively influence cholesterol levels and support overall cardiovascular health.
However, while the evidence is promising, it’s essential to approach cod liver oil as a supplement rather than a cure. It should not replace conventional treatments or a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise. Before starting any supplement regimen, especially for individuals with existing heart conditions, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable to tailor a plan that suits individual health needs and circumstances.
Based on user reviews, individuals typically start noticing improvements in heart health and cholesterol levels within a timeframe of three weeks to three months after beginning use of the supplement. For example, one user reported seeing enhanced heart function and reduced cholesterol after just three weeks of consistent use Read Review. Another review indicated that after three months of taking the supplement alongside dietary adjustments, cholesterol levels returned to normal Read Review.
Users have also noted overall benefits to heart health and inflammation reduction, so while the timeline for observing tangible results can vary, it seems many begin to experience positive effects in the first few weeks, with more pronounced effects evident after a few months of consistent intake. Regular and continued use is recommended for optimal benefits to heart health Read Review.
The body of scientific research does suggest that cod liver oil, particularly its rich omega-3 fatty acid content, may hold benefits for heart health, although the results are not universally conclusive. Several studies indicate that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), both found in cod liver oil, can positively influence cardiovascular health by reducing blood triglyceride levels and improving overall heart function after events such as heart attacks [1]. Other research highlights how these omega-3 fatty acids help manage inflammation and improve various heart-related metrics, indicating their potential as a complementary treatment in heart disease [5]. However, while some findings suggest enhancements in vascular health and heart stability in specific contexts, there are also cautionary notes regarding the overall efficacy and impact of cod liver oil supplementation [8].
Despite the promising signals from individual studies, a consistent consensus is not established. Many research authors emphasize the need for further investigations to ascertain the precise effects of cod liver oil on heart disease, as some studies do not demonstrate significant benefits or reveal complexities in how these supplements interact with other health variables [3][11]. Therefore, while cod liver oil shows potential in supporting heart health, it should not be viewed as a standalone solution, and individuals considering it should consult healthcare providers to align with holistic health strategies.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have reported marked improvements in various health markers, particularly relating to heart health and cholesterol levels. For instance, one user highlighted that after three weeks of consistent use, they experienced improved heart function and decreased cholesterol Read Review. Other reviewers noted significant benefits such as reduced inflammation, regulation of cholesterol levels, and even improvements in hair health, indicating a comprehensive effect on general wellbeing Read ReviewRead Review.
Several users also reported improvements in other areas such as joint discomfort and overall vitality, which they attributed to the continued use of the supplement. For instance, one person mentioned a noticeable decrease in joint discomfort and heart-related sensations after just one month Read Review. Overall, while the timeline and extent of benefits can vary from person to person, positive experiences concerning heart and cholesterol health seem to be a common thread among users Read Review.
Based on user reviews, many individuals have successfully combined this supplement with other supplements to enhance their heart health. For example, one user reported taking cod liver oil alongside Coenzyme Q10 and curcumin, noting the positive effects on their heart and immune system Read Review. Others have mentioned that, along with maintaining a healthy diet and exercise regimen, the supplement effectively aided in lowering cholesterol levels and managing inflammation Read Review.
Users have emphasized the importance of consistent use of this kind of supplement, suggesting it works best as part of a broader health strategy. One reviewer mentioned observing significant improvements in heart function and cholesterol after three weeks, attributing part of this success to their commitment to overall healthy living Read Review. The combination of this supplement with other healthful lifestyle choices seems to yield the most marked benefits for those looking to manage heart disease effectively.
Based on user reviews, many consumers report varying daily doses of Cod Liver Oil for treating heart disease, typically between 2-3 capsules daily. For instance, one user mentions taking 2-3 capsules after breakfast, highlighting benefits such as regulated cholesterol levels and improved heart health Read Review. Another user emphasized the effectiveness of Cod Liver Oil for heart health and cholesterol management, also suggesting a consistent intake pattern Read Review.
In addition, some reviews stress that a sustained intake over weeks or months yields noticeable benefits in heart function and cholesterol levels Read Review. The general consensus indicates that consistently using Cod Liver Oil, along with a balanced diet and exercise, contributes positively to heart health and inflammation reduction. It's important to note that while personal experiences vary, many users advocate for regular consumption for optimal heart-related benefits.
7.5
Significant health benefits
1 people found this helpful
This supplement has excellent quality, natural ingredients, and a convenient capsule form. The lemon flavour makes it pleasant to consume, and after three weeks, I noticed improved heart function and decreased cholesterol.
9
Supports cholesterol level
1 people found this helpful
I bought this cod liver oil for my mother, who has cholesterol issues. After three months of use and improved diet and exercise, her levels returned to normal. It reduces inflammation and heart disease. The taste is acceptable, and the quality is excellent.
8
Memory and heart boost
1 people found this helpful
The quality of this product is very high, with no fishy aftertaste. It noticeably improves memory and strengthens heart health, lowers cholesterol, and supports overall wellbeing. I recommend a continuous intake for best results.
9
Cholesterol levels improved
6 people found this helpful
I find these soft gel tablets easy to swallow with no fish taste. This product has helped regulate my cholesterol levels, supports heart health, and alleviates palpitations. My inflammation has improved, and it has thickened my hair as well. I take 2-3 capsules after breakfast daily.
9
Harmful cholesterol reduction
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this product is high, and the ingredients are excellent. At 42, I've found the omega beneficial for my body and useful for reducing harmful cholesterol. I've noticed improvements in hair health, and it’s good for inflammation and heart health. The taste is acceptable.
7.5
Joint health improvement
3 people found this helpful
We are satisfied with this omega product and plan to keep using it. We've tried cheaper options but noticed no benefits. After a month of use, my joint discomfort has decreased, and my heart tingling has stopped. Overall, I feel better, but I recognise it’s part of a broader health approach.
7.5
Balanced nutrition
3 people found this helpful
This high-quality cod liver oil has no fishy smell and offers a wonderful balance of omega-3s and vitamins A and D. We've been using it for two years. I prefer the liquid form, bursting the capsules for a pleasant lemon taste. It benefits my heart and strengthens immunity, supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 and curcumin.
7.5
Great benefits
1 people found this helpful
I’ve requested this product multiple times. It’s of high quality and suitable for those over 40. The economical packaging provides great benefits, being rich in omegas that reduce harmful cholesterol and benefit heart health.
9
Cod liver oil aids heart recovery
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
We explored the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in cod liver oil, on heart health after a heart attack. Using lab tests on heart cells and mouse models, we found that DHA helped protect heart cells from damage due to low oxygen levels.
Remarkably, DHA not only reduced heart damage but also improved heart function overall. It seemed to support a process called autophagy, which helps clear out damaged cells, thereby benefiting heart health after injury.
However, it's important to note that while DHA shows promising results, more research is needed to fully understand its role.
8
Cod liver oil lowers triglycerides
[Clinical application of omega-3-fatty acids (cod-liver oil)].
We explored the effectiveness of cod liver oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, in managing heart disease, particularly focusing on atherosclerosis. Research shows that cod liver oil can significantly lower triglyceride levels, especially when combined with statins for patients facing hypertriglyceridemia.
Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it a beneficial option in other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. However, while promising for lowering heart disease risk factors, its direct impact on heart health requires more investigation.
We examined the effects of cod liver oil on heart disease, particularly its potential to reduce clot formation and inflammation. Research indicates that while marine fish consumption lowers the risk of heart disease, the supplement isn't always recommended due to mixed effects on cholesterol and possible bleeding risks. However, in studies with swine, cod liver oil improved vascular health by decreasing monocyte and platelet adhesion in coronary arteries. Despite these benefits, the study results suggest that the supplement may not universally improve heart disease outcomes.
8
Cod liver oil linked to heart health
Longitudinal associations between marine omega-3 supplement users and coronary heart disease in a UK population-based cohort.
We assessed the long-term relationship between cod liver oil supplements and heart disease mortality in a large UK cohort over 22 years. By analyzing data from 22,035 participants, we looked at various factors that could affect heart health, including age and lifestyle choices.
While we found that recent use of omega-3 supplements was linked to a lower risk of dying from coronary heart disease, uncertainties remain. Some factors may still confound these results, but the connection primarily seemed to benefit those using n-3 supplements.
4
Cod liver oil and inflammation study
Cod liver oil inhibits neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in healthy males.
We explored how cod liver oil impacts inflammation, which could relate to heart disease. In a study involving 12 healthy males, we examined their neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis before and after six weeks of taking cod liver oil, providing 5.3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids daily.
After supplementation, the movement of neutrophils towards certain signals was significantly lower, as was monocyte movement towards one trigger. While this suggests potential anti-inflammatory benefits, it didn't demonstrate a direct impact on heart disease itself.
References
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Nilsen DWT, Myhre PL, Kalstad A, Schmidt EB, Arnesen H, et al. Serum Levels of Dihomo-Gamma (γ)-Linolenic Acid (DGLA) Are Inversely Associated with Linoleic Acid and Total Death in Elderly Patients with a Recent Myocardial Infarction. Nutrients. 2021;13. doi:10.3390/nu13103475
Lentjes MAH, Keogh RH, Welch AA, Mulligan AA, Luben RN, et al. Longitudinal associations between marine omega-3 supplement users and coronary heart disease in a UK population-based cohort. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e017471. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017471
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Weiner BH, Ockene IS, Levine PH, Cuénoud HF, Fisher M, et al. Inhibition of atherosclerosis by cod-liver oil in a hyperlipidemic swine model. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:841.
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Tseng PT, Zeng BY, Hsu CW, Liang CS, Stubbs B, et al. The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2025;16:100366. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366
Patil T, Gregory M, Savona N, Jarmukli N, Leonard CE. Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints. Clin Drug Investig. 2025;45:69. doi:10.1007/s40261-024-01417-4
Kim JY, Kong SYJ, Jung E, Cho YS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Potential Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14010026
Capece U, Gugliandolo S, Morciano C, Avolio A, Splendore A, et al. Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake: Current Outlook and Perspectives for a Novel, Nutritionally Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16244318
Fukuda T, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Amano H, Arikawa T, et al. Relationship Between Serum ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration and Fatty Acid Fraction of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus. 2024;16:e73417. doi:10.7759/cureus.73417
O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH, Abuissa H, Metzinger M, Murray E, et al. Omega-3 and Risk of atrial fibrillation: Vagally-mediated double-edged sword. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.11.003
Li J, Nan W, Huang X, Meng H, Wang S, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces macrophage Mox polarization to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Rep. 2024;25:5507. doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00271-x
Choi GY, Calder PC. The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1423228. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1423228
Amangurbanova M, Daher R, Asbeutah AA, Vemuri B, Mirza H, et al. Higher epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with higher coronary fatty plaque volume and is regulated by waist circumference but not EPA+DHA supplementation. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18:e773. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.06.006
Kumakura H, Funada R, Matsuo Y, Iwasaki T, Nakashima K, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Level Predicts Long-Term Survival and Cardiovascular or Limb Event in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Dis. 2024;17:135. doi:10.3400/avd.oa.23-00079
Xiao Y, Chen Y, Pietzner A, Elbelt U, Fan Z, et al. Circulating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels in Coronary Heart Disease: Pooled Analysis of 36 Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16111610
Asbeutah AA, Daher R, Malik A, Hariri E, Alfaddagh A, et al. The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Subjects With Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2024;225:98. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.001
Sudo Y, Morimoto T, Tsushima R, Oka A, Sogo M, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e033969. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.033969
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Shi F, Chowdhury R, Sofianopoulou E, Koulman A, Sun L, et al. Association of circulating fatty acids with cardiovascular disease risk: analysis of individual-level data in three large prospective cohorts and updated meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025;32:233. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae315
Lv L, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Li B. Blood metabolites mediate effects of breakfast skipping on heart failure via Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14:18957. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69874-7
Wang Y, Yang B, Wang C. The association between fatty acids and atherosclerotic diseases: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024;63:447. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.018
Tian S, Guo T, Qian F, Qiu Z, Lu Q, et al. Fish Oil, Plasma n-3 PUFAs, and Risk of Macro- and Microvascular Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae482
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Braun TS, Drobner T, Kipp K, Kiehntopf M, Schlattmann P, et al. Validation of Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular and Diabetic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia or Prediabetes-The MoKaRi II Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16091261
O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH, Tintle NL, Westra J, Albuisson L, et al. Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024;99:534. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.026
Zeinalabedini M, Ladaninezhad M, Mobarakeh KA, Hoshiar-Rad A, Shekari S, et al. Association of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD): a case-control study. J Health Popul Nutr. 2024;43:19. doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00489-w
Rennemo J, Berge K, Yousaf MN, Eriksen TB, Welde E, et al. An Atypical Course of Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (CMS) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon () Fed a Clinical Nutrition Diet. Microorganisms. 2023;12. doi:10.3390/microorganisms12010026